Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
Published on: March 10, 2023
Accelerating lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction through an integrated palladium membrane hydrogenation reactor
Hossein Bemana1, Hendrik Schumann1, Morgan McKee1
1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
None:
Lithium-mediated N2 reduction reaction (LiNRR) is regarded as the most robust route towards electrifying NH3 synthesis. However, in this reaction geometry, hydrogen atoms typically supplied through electrolyte degradation, via H2 oxidation or a combination of both, hampering the efficiency of the process. In this work we provide an alternative H-source by merging a Pd Membrane reactor (PMR) with a LiNRR reactor in a unique dual-reactor setup. Specifically, use a Pd membrane that extracts H atoms directly from H2O and transfers them across the membrane to an electrodeposited Li layer operating under non-aqueous LiNRR conditions. We show that these H2O-derived H-atoms are used directly to synthesize NH3 in the presence of N2 and electrodeposited Li, thereby opening orthogonal reaction pathways within the metal-mediated nitrogen reduction concept.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

