TRFill: synergistic use of HiFi and Hi-C sequencing enables accurate assembly of tandem repeats for population-level analysis
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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.
Published on: May 6, 2010
Huaming Wen1,2, Jinbao Yang2, Xianjia Zhao2
1School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
Abstract:
The highly repetitive content of eukaryotic genomes, including long tandem repeats, segmental duplications, and centromeres, makes haplotype-resolved genome assembly hard. Repeat sequences introduce gaps or mis-joins in the assemblies. We introduce TRFill, a novel algorithm that can close the gaps in a draft chromosome-level assembly using exclusively PacBio HiFi and Hi-C data. Experimental results on human centromeres and tomato subtelomeres show that TRFill can improve the completeness and correctness of about two-thirds of the tandem repeats. We also show that the improved completeness of subtelomeric tandem repeats in the tomato pangenome enables a population-level analysis of these complex repeats.
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