Mitochondrial bioenergetics and networks in melanoma: an update

Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer. However, advances in the understanding of its biology have led to the development of several new therapeutic approaches. One of these novel treatment strategies is based on the targeting of the mitochondrial bioenergetic and networks responsible for tumor initiation and progression. Indeed, it has recently emerged that changes in mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics, redox homeostasis, and apoptosis are strictly associated with tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we summarize current evidence about the multiple biological functions exerted by mitochondria in melanoma, also focusing on the role of these organelles as promising targets for pharmacological intervention.