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Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Transgenic Plants

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Published on: May 21, 2020

Field-crop transcriptome models are enhanced by measurements in systematically controlled environments.

Yoichi Hashida¹, Daisuke Kyogoku^2,3, Suguru E Tanaka⁴

¹Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.

|July 29, 2025

Summary

This study reveals that light intensity (irradiance) primarily controls plant gene expression, not temperature. Controlled experiments improved predictions of plant responses in natural field conditions.

Keywords:

Field Growth chamber RNA-Seq Rice Statistical modeling Transcriptome

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Area of Science:

Plant molecular biology
Environmental science
Genomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

Plants respond to environmental changes like light and temperature.
Previous models predicted rice gene expression from meteorological data.
Distinguishing the independent effects of correlated factors like irradiance and temperature on gene expression was challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the predominant environmental factor regulating plant transcriptome dynamics in the field.
To develop a more accurate model for predicting plant gene expression under field conditions.

Main Methods:

Developed a statistical model using diel transcriptome data from 73 controlled conditions.
Independently varied irradiance and temperature in controlled experiments.
Trained the prediction model using data from both field and controlled environments.

Main Results:

Transcriptome dynamics in the field are predominantly regulated by irradiance.
The developed model showed substantially high prediction performance when trained with combined field and controlled data.
Independent variation of irradiance and temperature clarified their distinct roles.

Conclusions:

Systematic sampling under controlled environments is effective for understanding plant environmental responses.
This approach significantly improves the accuracy of transcriptome prediction in field settings.
Highlights the importance of irradiance as a key regulator of plant gene expression.