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Oral and gut microbiota in gingivitis subtypes: a causal inference study using Mendelian randomization.
Jichao Lin1, Qingjiang Xu1, Wei Bi2
1Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
BMC Oral Health
|July 29, 2025
Summary
Microbiota imbalances are linked to gingivitis. This study used Mendelian randomization to identify specific oral and gut bacteria associated with acute and chronic gingivitis, aiding prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Microbiome research
- Genetics
- Periodontology
Background:
- Microbiota dysbiosis is implicated in periodontal disease complications.
- The causal link between oral/gut microbiomes and gingivitis, particularly acute vs. chronic, is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the causal role of oral and gut microbiota in acute and chronic gingivitis.
- To differentiate microbial contributions to distinct gingivitis types.
Main Methods:
- Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using FinnGen GWAS data.
- Included 149 acute gingivitis cases, 850 chronic gingivitis cases, and 195,395 controls.
- Employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and supplementary methods to assess pleiotropy.
Main Results:
- Specific gut bacteria (e.g., Negativicutes, Butyricicoccus) linked to acute gingivitis risk.
- Different gut bacteria (e.g., Erysipelotrichia, Akkermansia) associated with chronic gingivitis risk.
- Oral bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas) linked to acute gingivitis; others (e.g., Neisseria, Veillonella) to chronic gingivitis.
Conclusions:
- Confirms distinct causal roles of microbiota in acute and chronic gingivitis.
- Provides insights for targeted prevention strategies for gingivitis.
