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Correction: Komatsu et al. Three-Dimensional Visualization and Detection of the Pulmonary Venous-Left Atrium Connection Using Artificial Intelligence in Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Screening. <i>Bioengineering</i> 2026, <i>13</i>, 100.

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Ultrasound Improves Gallbladder Contraction Function: A Non-Invasive Experimental Validation Using Small Animals.

Run Guo1,2,3, Tian Chen1,2,3, Fan Ding1,2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) significantly improves gallbladder contractility and emptying in guinea pigs. This non-invasive therapy enhances smooth muscle function and may offer a new approach for treating gallstone disease.

Keywords:
bile emptyinggallbladder contractiongallbladder motility disordernon-invasive treatmentultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Gallbladder hypomotility is a primary cause of gallstones.
  • Effective non-invasive treatments to improve gallbladder contractility are scarce.
  • Ultrasound's potential for enhancing gallbladder function remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on gallbladder contractile function.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of ultrasound-induced improvements in gallbladder motility.

Main Methods:

  • Guinea pigs were treated with LIPUS (3 MHz, 0.8 W/cm², 20% duty cycle).
  • Gallbladder function was assessed using ultrasound imaging, 99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy, and ex vivo muscle strip analysis.
  • Histopathology, α-SMA immunohistochemistry, and intracellular calcium imaging were performed.

Main Results:

  • LIPUS significantly increased gallbladder emptying and ejection fraction.
  • Scintigraphy showed accelerated bile transport in treated animals.
  • Ex vivo studies revealed enhanced muscle contractility, smooth muscle hypertrophy, α-SMA upregulation, and increased intracellular calcium.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound therapy effectively enhances gallbladder contractility.
  • Mechanisms involve smooth muscle structural changes and calcium signaling modulation.
  • LIPUS presents a promising non-invasive strategy for improving gallbladder motility and preventing gallstones.