Genetic Animal Models of Cardiovascular Pathologies.

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Genetics
• Animal Models

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of mortality.
• Understanding the complex pathophysiology of CVDs requires sophisticated research models.
• Established genetic animal models have provided foundational insights into various cardiac conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review the current state of genetic animal models for cardiovascular disease research.
• To evaluate the translational utility and limitations of existing and emerging models.
• To highlight how advancements in genetic technologies are transforming cardiovascular research.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of established genetic animal models (e.g., spontaneously hypertensive rats, Watanabe hyperlipidemic rabbits).
• Analysis of transgenic models for hypertension, atherosclerosis, and non-ischemic heart diseases.
• Evaluation of emerging technologies: AAV-mediated gene delivery, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and chemogenetics.

Main Results:

• Established models offer valuable insights but have limitations in translational relevance.
• Emerging technologies provide enhanced precision for manipulating cardiac gene expression and studying disease mechanisms.
• Innovations in synthetic vectors and tissue-specific targeting address challenges like off-target effects.

Conclusions:

• Genetic technologies are revolutionizing cardiovascular research by enabling refined disease models.
• These advancements facilitate the development of optimized therapeutic interventions.
• The evolution of genetic models paves the way for personalized medicine in cardiovascular care.