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Related Concept Videos

Life Histories01:29

Life Histories

Constrained by limited energy and resources, organisms must compromise between offspring quantity and parental investment. This trade-off is represented by two primary reproductive strategies; K-strategists produce few offspring but provide substantial parental support, whereas r-strategists produce much progeny that receives little care. These strategies are related to an organism’s survival likelihood across its lifespan, which is represented by a survivorship curve. Three general types of...
Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies00:51

Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies

Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species reproduce only once in their lifetime, often investing most available resources into that single reproductive event. Iteroparous species, by contrast, reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes, typically allocating fewer resources to any single...
Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.However, realistic environmental conditions limit the number of...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Survivin Expression in Placentas with Intrauterine Growth Restriction.

Pavo Perković1, Sanja Štifter-Vretenar2, Marina Perković3

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Merkur, Zajčeva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Biomedicines
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Increased survivin expression in placentas is linked to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition affecting fetal growth. This finding suggests survivin may serve as an early diagnostic biomarker for IUGR, potentially improving pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords:
apoptosisintrauterine growth restrictionplacentasurvivin

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and pathology
  • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of placental development
  • Biomarker discovery in obstetrics

Background:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impacts 5-10% of pregnancies, leading to significant perinatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Placental dysfunction, characterized by altered cell proliferation and apoptosis, underlies IUGR.
  • Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), is crucial for maintaining cellular balance during placental development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate survivin expression levels in placentas from pregnancies complicated by IUGR.
  • To assess the potential of survivin as an early diagnostic biomarker for IUGR.
  • To explore survivin's role in placental dysfunction associated with IUGR.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to evaluate survivin expression in placental tissues from 153 pregnancies (122 IUGR, 31 uncomplicated).
  • Survivin levels were quantified using Positive Cell Proportion (PCP) and Immunoreactive Score (IRS).
  • Statistical analyses included Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square tests, and Fisher exact tests (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher survivin expression was observed in placentas from IUGR pregnancies compared to controls, validated by both PCP (p < 0.001) and IRS (p < 0.002) scores.
  • Elevated survivin levels correlate with placental dysfunction in IUGR cases.

Conclusions:

  • Increased survivin expression in IUGR placentas indicates its potential as a key indicator of placental dysfunction.
  • Survivin may serve as a valuable tool for early IUGR detection, facilitating timely interventions and potentially reducing adverse outcomes like stillbirth.
  • Further research is warranted to validate survivin's diagnostic accuracy and explore its therapeutic potential in IUGR.