Targeting Resistance Pathways in Breast Cancer Through Precision Oncology: Nanotechnology and Immune Modulation...

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nanotechnology
• Immunology

Background:

• Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with therapeutic resistance a major challenge, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
• Understanding resistance mechanisms like metabolic reprogramming, tumor heterogeneity, immune evasion, autophagy, and cancer stem cells is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review emerging strategies for overcoming BC drug resistance.
• To highlight the integration of precision oncology, nanotechnology, and immune modulation.
• To discuss future directions in personalized resistance-mitigating interventions.

Main Methods:

• Critical examination of resistance mechanisms in breast cancer.
• Highlighting advanced nanoplatforms for co-delivery of therapeutics and immune stimulants.
• Reviewing novel approaches like tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation and photoimmunotherapy.

Main Results:

• Nanoplatforms offer spatiotemporal precision in drug delivery, combining chemotherapy and immune stimulation.
• TME modulation, photoimmunotherapy, and exosomal miRNA targeting enhance immunogenicity and therapeutic durability.
• Integration of molecular profiling and computational approaches promises personalized interventions.

Conclusions:

• A paradigm shift towards multifaceted, precision-guided treatments is emerging to overcome BC resistance.
• These integrated strategies represent a significant advancement over conventional monotherapies.
• Further research into personalized approaches is essential for improving patient outcomes in breast cancer treatment.