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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Mapping the Fat: How Childhood Obesity and Body Composition Shape Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

Marco Zaffanello1, Angelo Pietrobelli1, Giorgio Piacentini1

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Obese children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) show distinct fat distribution and anthropometric markers compared to adults. Early identification requires multimodal approaches integrating clinical, anthropometric, and imaging data.

Keywords:
anthropometric measurebody compositionchildrenfat distributionobesityobstructive sleep apnoeapolysomnographysleep disordered breathingultrasonography

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue linked to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
  • OSA in children impairs breathing, affecting neurocognitive and cardiovascular health.
  • Understanding differences between pediatric and adult OSA is crucial for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze differences in fat distribution, anthropometry, and instrumental assessments in pediatric OSA versus adult OSA.
  • To enhance the diagnostic characterization of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese children.

Main Methods:

  • This study employed a narrative review methodology.
  • Data synthesis focused on fat distribution, anthropometric indicators, and imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • While adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common cause, obesity introduces unique pathophysiological mechanisms in pediatric OSA.
  • Children exhibit different fat distribution (more subcutaneous than visceral) but cervical/abdominal adiposity impacts airway collapsibility.
  • Neck circumference, neck-to-height ratio, and ultrasound assessments of pharyngeal wall thickness are valuable indicators.

Conclusions:

  • A validated predictive model integrating clinical, anthropometric, and imaging data is needed for pediatric OSA diagnosis.
  • Polysomnography is the gold standard, but complementary tools are essential for identifying high-risk children.
  • A multimodal approach aids early identification and personalized management of OSA in obese children.