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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
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The Impact of Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) on EFL Learners' Engagement: Mediating Roles of Flow,

Fang Fang1,2, Yaru Meng1, Lingjie Tang1

  • 1School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025
PubMed

Keywords:
behavioral intentionengagementflowinformal digital learning of Englishonline self-efficacy

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