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  11. The Aggressive Gender Backlash In Intimate Partner Relationships: A Theoretical Framework And Initial Measurement

The Aggressive Gender Backlash in Intimate Partner Relationships: A Theoretical Framework and Initial Measurement

Aristides A Vara-Horna1,2, Noelia Rodríguez-Espartal2

  • 1Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Human Resources, San Martín de Porres University, Lima 15009, Peru.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aggressive gender backlash (AGB) is a new measure of harmful relationship behaviors that often precede intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). This covert, non-violent resistance to female empowerment negatively impacts women's well-being and productivity.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Gender backlash (GB) is an underexplored area within intimate partner relationships.
  • Aggressive gender backlash (AGB) is a distinct dimension of GB, characterized by covert, non-violent behaviors.
  • Existing measures do not adequately capture AGB, necessitating a new assessment tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and validate a novel instrument to measure aggressive gender backlash (AGB).
  • Assess the reliability, discriminant validity, and predictive validity of the AGB scale.
  • Examine the relationship between AGB and women's empowerment, subordination, emotional health, and work productivity.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multidimensional scale based on the General Aggression Model.
  • Collected data from 513 Peruvian female microentrepreneurs.
Keywords:
General Aggression Modelaggressive gender backlashemotional coercionempowerment

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  • Utilized psychometric analyses to validate the AGB scale across five dimensions.

    • Main Results:

    • The AGB scale demonstrated solid reliability and validity.
    • AGB was found to be more prevalent than intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) and often preceded it.
    • AGB is significantly associated with lower empowerment, increased subordination, emotional morbidity, and decreased productivity.

    Conclusions:

    • AGB is a measurable, interpersonal process distinct from but functionally equivalent to IPVAW.
    • The validated AGB scale offers a tool for early detection and prevention of gender-based harm in relationships.
    • Findings highlight the pervasive impact of non-violent resistance to female empowerment on women's lives.
    intimate partner relationships
    psychometric validation
    violence prevention
    women’s autonomy