The Role of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2 in Stroke: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Stroke represents a significant public health burden, ranking as a leading cause of death and disability globally. The prevalence of stroke increases with age, with ischemic stroke accounting for nearly 87% of cases globally. The pathophysiology of stroke is characterized by neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, which exacerbate brain damage and hinder recovery. Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2 (MD2), an accessory protein of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), has emerged as a key player in mediating inflammatory responses in stroke. This short review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which MD2 contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal death following stroke and highlights MD2 as a promising therapeutic target for stroke treatment. Subsequently, we investigate the potential of MD2 inhibitors, their underlying mechanisms, and the therapeutic prospects of such inhibitors in reducing stroke-induced brain damage.