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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
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Active Colitis-Induced Atrial Electrophysiological Remodeling.

Hiroki Kittaka1, Edward J Ouille V1, Carlos H Pereira1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Biomolecules
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ulcerative colitis patients face higher arrhythmia risks due to atrial changes. These changes, linked to increased Angiotensin II signaling, are reversible and can be prevented by ACE or AT1R inhibitors.

Keywords:
Angiotensin IIKv4.2Nav1.5action potentialatrial arrhythmiaatrial myocytecolitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients have increased risk of supraventricular arrhythmia.
  • Atrial electrophysiological remodeling occurs during active UC and remission phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind colitis-induced alterations in atrial excitability.
  • To determine the role of Angiotensin II signaling in atrial remodeling during colitis.

Main Methods:

  • Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in C57BL/6 mice.
  • Electrocardiograms (ECG), Langendorff perfusion, isolated atrial myocyte electrophysiology, Western blot.
  • Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensin II (AngII) receptor type 1 (AT1R).

Main Results:

  • Colitis induced prolonged P-wave duration, PR interval, and action potential duration (APD).
  • Reduced atrial conduction velocity, Na-current (INa) activation shift, and decreased Nav1.5 and Cx43 protein levels were observed.
  • APD prolongation was linked to reduced transient outward K-current (Ito).
  • Colitis-induced changes were reversible upon remission and prevented by ACE/AT1R inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Colitis promotes atrial electrophysiological remodeling via increased AngII signaling.
  • This remodeling increases arrhythmia risk in ulcerative colitis patients.
  • ACE/AT1R inhibition may prevent colitis-associated atrial changes.