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Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake During Recovery from High-Intensity Interval Training: A Retrospective Analysis.

Todd A Astorino1, Gregory C Bogdanis2, Eduardo C Costa3

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) keeps heart rate and oxygen uptake elevated during recovery. This sustained cardiovascular load suggests HIIT significantly impacts physiological responses even after exercise ceases.

Keywords:
blood lactatecardiorespiratory fitnesscyclingintermittent exerciseinterval exerciserecovery

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Response
  • High-Intensity Interval Training

Background:

  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhances maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O₂max).
  • HIIT involves extended durations near maximal V̇O₂ or heart rate (HRmax).
  • HIIT protocols can delay HR and V̇O₂ during exercise, maintaining high values during recovery intervals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare V̇O₂ and HR responses during exercise versus recovery.
  • To analyze data from various cycling HIIT protocols across seven studies.

Main Methods:

  • 104 healthy, active participants (men and women) aged 24 ± 5 years.
  • HIIT protocols varied in duration (30-60 s), intensity (70-85% Wmax), and recovery (10-75 s).
  • Measurements included V̇O₂, HR, and blood lactate concentration (BLa).

Main Results:

  • Peak HR reached 90.7 ± 6.2% HRmax.
  • No significant differences were found in mean HR (159 ± 14 vs. 160 ± 15 b/min) between exercise and recovery.
  • Similarly, no significant difference was observed in mean V̇O₂ (1.97 ± 0.47 vs. 1.98 ± 0.48 L/min) between exercise and recovery.

Conclusions:

  • HIIT results in elevated V̇O₂ and HR during the recovery period.
  • This indicates a substantial and sustained cardiovascular load post-interval exercise.
  • The findings highlight the significant impact of HIIT on physiological recovery.