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Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Antimicrobial Films: Preparation, Characterization, and Food

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This study developed a novel antimicrobial film using plant-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for enhanced food packaging. The innovative material effectively preserves fruits like grapes and bananas, ensuring food safety and extending shelf life.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Developing active food packaging is crucial for extending shelf life and reducing waste.
  • Green synthesis of nanoparticles offers sustainable alternatives for material functionalization.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and xanthan gum (XG) are biocompatible polymers suitable for food packaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a novel antimicrobial packaging film incorporating green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
  • To optimize AgNP synthesis using Myrica rubra leaf extract (MRLE) and evaluate their properties.
  • To assess the film's mechanical, antimicrobial, and food preservation capabilities for fruit packaging.

Main Methods:

  • Green synthesis of AgNPs using MRLE, optimized via response surface methodology.
  • Fabrication of PVA/XG films incorporating AgNPs@MMT (Montmorillonite).
  • Characterization using TEM, XRD, FTIR; evaluation of mechanical properties, antimicrobial activity, and food preservation efficacy (grapes, bananas).
  • Molecular dynamics simulations and silver migration analysis for food safety assessment.

Main Results:

  • Optimized AgNP synthesis yielded spherical nanoparticles (8.23 ± 4.27 nm) using MRLE as reducing and stabilizing agent.
  • AgNPs@MMT incorporation significantly improved film mechanical properties (elongation at break +65.19%, shear strength +52.10%).
  • The film demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and effectively reduced weight loss in packaged fruits.
  • Silver migration levels were within EFSA safety limits, confirming food safety.

Conclusions:

  • The novel PVA/XG film with MRLE-derived AgNPs is a promising active packaging material.
  • The material enhances mechanical strength, exhibits strong antimicrobial properties, and extends fruit shelf life.
  • The developed packaging solution is safe for food applications, meeting regulatory standards.