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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Semi-Device-Independent Randomness Expansion Using n→1 Parity-Oblivious Quantum Random Access Codes.

Xunan Wang1, Xu Chen2, Mengke Xu1

  • 1College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for generating secure quantum randomness using parity-oblivious quantum random access codes (PO-QRAC). The protocol enhances randomness certification and outperforms previous methods, especially for n=4.

Keywords:
Bell inequalitymin-entropyparity-obliviousnessrandomness expansion

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography
  • Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Quantum mechanics offers genuine randomness due to inherent indeterminacy.
  • Device-independent (DI) and semi-device-independent (SDI) frameworks ensure randomness security against device imperfections.
  • Certification of randomness relies on violating generalized Bell inequalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel SDI randomness expansion protocol utilizing n→1 parity-oblivious quantum random access codes (PO-QRAC).
  • To certify the presence of true quantum randomness via the violation of a two-dimensional quantum witness.
  • To analyze the performance and randomness certification capabilities of the proposed protocol.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an SDI randomness expansion protocol based on PO-QRAC.
  • Derivation of maximal expected success probabilities for various values of n.
  • Establishment of an analytic relationship between certifiable min-entropy and quantum witness value.

Main Results:

  • The proposed protocol certifies quantum randomness through a two-dimensional quantum witness violation.
  • For n=4, the expected success probability surpasses existing upper bounds.
  • PO-QRAC protocols certify more randomness than standard QRACs for a given witness value.
  • The 3→1 PO-QRAC configuration demonstrates optimal randomness expansion performance under parity-obliviousness constraints.

Conclusions:

  • The novel SDI protocol effectively expands and certifies quantum randomness.
  • PO-QRACs offer enhanced randomness certification compared to standard QRACs.
  • The 3→1 PO-QRAC provides an optimal approach for randomness expansion within the studied framework.