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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Entropy-Inspired Aperture Optimization in Fourier Optics.

Marcos Miotti¹, Daniel Varela Magalhães¹

¹Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, IFSC-USP, Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 29, 2025

Summary

We developed a simple analytical method to find the best aperture for 4f imaging systems. This technique maximizes imaging entropy, improving image contrast and resolution for static objects.

Keywords:

Fourier optics applied information theory optical imaging

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Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Area of Science:

Optical Imaging
Fourier Optics

Background:

The resolution-contrast trade-off is a fundamental challenge in optical imaging.
Fourier-optics systems like the 4f system enhance images by filtering spatial frequencies.
Assessing this balance typically requires complex math and controlled conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a simple analytical technique for determining the optimal aperture in a 4f imaging system.
To provide a method for balancing resolution and contrast in optical imaging for static objects.

Main Methods:

Utilized the mathematical formalism of the H-theorem to analyze image information.
Empirically varied the aperture at the Fourier plane of the 4f system.
Identified an optimal aperture region by maximizing imaging entropy.

Main Results:

An optimal aperture region was found where imaging entropy is maximized for objects fitting the imaged area.
At this region, images are well-lit and well-resolved, with maximum information for the object-imaging system assembly.
The technique allows investigation of how object imperfections affect imaging entropy.

Conclusions:

The developed technique offers a simple, robust, and generally applicable method for optimizing 4f imaging systems.
It provides a direct way to assess the contrast-resolution balance without complex mathematical treatments.
The method is suitable for automation and has broad applications in optical imaging devices.