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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The Hubble constant (H₀) measures the universe's expansion rate.
  • Discrepancies between early and late universe measurements of H₀, known as the Hubble tension, challenge the standard cosmological model.
  • Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements provide crucial early-universe data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a maximum entropy (ME) methodology to infer the Hubble constant from Planck CMB data.
  • To assess whether this ME approach can reconcile early and late universe measurements of H₀.
  • To provide a less assumption-dependent uncertainty bound for H₀.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a maximum entropy (ME) methodology for inferring the Hubble constant.
  • Employed a simple cosmological model for physical insight and statistical sampling.
  • Estimated a statistical temperature via the equipartition theorem to define a posterior probability distribution.

Main Results:

  • Inferred a mean Hubble constant value of approximately 67 km/sec/Mpc.
  • Determined a conservative standard deviation of about 4.4 km/sec/Mpc for the Hubble constant.
  • The ME inferred value aligns within 1σ of both early-universe (Planck, DESI) and late-universe (CCHP, JWST) estimates.

Conclusions:

  • The maximum entropy analysis does not appear to support the existence of the Hubble tension.
  • The ME approach offers broader, less assumption-dependent uncertainty bounds by treating model error generically.
  • This finding suggests a potential resolution to the Hubble tension through a novel statistical methodology.