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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Central Contrast Sensitivity as an Outcome Measure in Randomized Controlled Trials in Glaucoma-A Systematic Review.

Alexander Sverstad1, Jens Riis Møller2, Gianni Virgili3,4

  • 1Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Central contrast sensitivity (CCS) is a potential early marker for glaucoma. This review found varied methods for measuring CCS in glaucoma trials, with limited standardization and decreasing recent interest.

Keywords:
central contrast sensitivitycontrast sensitivity testsglaucomaglaucoma diagnosisrandomized controlled trialssystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Visual Neuroscience
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Standard automated perimetry (SAP) is the gold standard for glaucoma, assessing peripheral vision.
  • Central contrast sensitivity (CCS) shows promise as an early functional indicator of glaucomatous damage.
  • Systematic review to consolidate methods used for CCS measurement in glaucoma randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and describe the diverse methodologies employed for measuring central contrast sensitivity (CCS) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving glaucoma patients.
  • To identify the prevalence and types of CCS tests utilized in glaucoma research.
  • To assess the standardization and trends in CCS measurement within glaucoma RCTs.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive database search (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, ClinicalTrials.gov) updated to February 2025.
  • Inclusion criteria: RCTs reporting CCS outcomes in glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, or ocular hypertension.
  • Descriptive statistics used; no risk of bias assessment due to review's nature.

Main Results:

  • 31 studies met eligibility criteria from 1066 records; sample sizes were small (median 23).
  • Eleven distinct CCS measurement methods were identified; five studies omitted method details.
  • The CSV-1000 was the most frequent CCS test (11 studies); interventions primarily topical medications (e.g., timolol).

Conclusions:

  • A wide array of CCS measurement techniques exist in glaucoma RCTs, lacking standardization.
  • Small study sizes, variable reporting, and older study dates suggest diminishing focus on CCS as an outcome in glaucoma RCTs.
  • Further research may be needed to establish standardized CCS measures for glaucoma clinical trials.