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Author Spotlight: Advancing Cancer Associated Thrombosis Research in Rodent Models
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Venous Thromboembolic Events in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Narrative Review
Cosmo Fowler1, Stephen M Pastores2,3
1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 29, 2025
Summary
Cancer immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) increase venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk through distinct inflammatory pathways. New risk models and tailored prevention strategies are needed for these evolving treatments.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Hematology
- Immunology
Background:
- Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication of cancer treatment.
- Immunotherapy-associated VTE may have different causes than chemotherapy-associated VTE.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of VTE in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy.
- To identify gaps in current risk assessment and suggest future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of real-world studies and existing literature.
- Examination of VTE incidence and mechanisms in patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), CAR T-cell therapy, and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs).
Main Results:
- VTE incidence varies widely in ICI recipients, potentially linked to interleukin-8 and neutrophil extracellular traps.
- CAR T-cell therapy presents unique risks due to cytokine release syndrome.
- Existing VTE risk tools have limited predictive value in immunotherapy patients.
Conclusions:
- Understanding immunotherapy-specific VTE mechanisms is critical.
- Novel risk stratification models and tailored thromboprophylaxis strategies are essential.
- Further research is needed to optimize patient outcomes with cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords:
cancercancer-associated thromboembolismcellular therapychimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapydeep vein thrombosisimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmunotherapypulmonary embolismthrombosisvenous thromboembolismMore Related Videos
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