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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

In vitro Cannabis Exposures of Lung Epithelial Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface
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Does Cannabis Smoke Cause Interstitial Lung Disease?

Mario Bisconti1, Paola Martucci2, Adele Minutillo3

  • 1Unit of Pneumology, "Vito Fazzi" Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis smoke may cause interstitial lung disease (ILD). Researchers found cannabinoids in lung samples of patients with ILD, suggesting a direct link between cannabis use and lung damage.

Keywords:
biomarkerbroncho-alveolar lavagebronchoscopycannabinoidscannabis smokedrugsinterstitial lung diseaselung tissuepneumothorax

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The causal link between drug abuse and interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains unproven.
  • Cannabis use is prevalent, but its direct role in causing lung disease is not established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between interstitial lung disease (ILD) radiological findings and the presence of cannabinoids.
  • To determine if cannabis smoke is a potential cause of ILD in patients with a history of use.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of patients with ILD and history of drug use.
  • Analysis of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (Group 1) and lung tissue (Group 2) for cannabinoid presence.
  • Correlation analysis using Fisher's test between cannabinoid detection and ILD findings on CT scans.

Main Results:

  • Cannabinoids were detected in 46.2% of BAL samples and 66.7% of lung tissue specimens.
  • ILD was significantly more prevalent in patients with cannabinoids detected in BAL (75%) compared to those without (20%; p=0.0299).
  • A subgroup analysis showed cannabinoids/cocaine in BAL (55.6%) but not solely in blood, supporting localized lung presence.

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of ILD in patients with cannabinoids in BAL or lung tissue suggests cannabis smoke as a potential cause.
  • Detecting drugs in the target organ (lung) is diagnostically valuable, especially when not concurrently found in blood.