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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Chitosan/Bioactive Glass Microparticles Enriched with Therapeutic Metal Ions for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Leonard Bauer1, Zoya Hadzhieva2, Iva Bazina1

  • 1University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bioactive metal ions like copper, zinc, and manganese were incorporated into composite microparticles for bone regeneration. These materials show potential for tailored properties and enhanced angiogenic response, offering a growth factor-free approach.

Keywords:
bioactive glasschitosancytotoxicityion releasemicroparticlestherapeutic metal ions

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Divalent bioactive metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+) offer a growth factor-free strategy for bone defect regeneration.
  • Controlled ion release from organic or inorganic phases is crucial for stimulating specific cellular responses.
  • Chitosan (Cht) and mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) are suitable carriers for incorporating bioactive ions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize composite microparticles incorporating bioactive metal ions (Cu, Zn, Mn) into chitosan and MBGNs.
  • To evaluate the ion release kinetics, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity of these composite microparticles.
  • To assess the potential of these materials in promoting angiogenic response for bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Bioactive ions were incorporated into chitosan via chelation and into MBGNs by doping.
  • Composite microparticles (BG/Cht) with undoped and metal-doped MBGNs were fabricated using electrohydrodynamic atomization.
  • Swelling, ion release, bioactivity (calcium phosphate precipitation), cytotoxicity (MG-63, HDFa cells), and VEGF expression were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Spherical microparticles (42-45 μm) with enhanced water uptake were successfully produced.
  • Significant release of Si and Ca was observed up to 7 days; sustained Mn release lasted up to 14 days.
  • Calcium phosphate precipitation confirmed bioactivity, while cytotoxicity varied, with MnBG/Cht showing concentration-dependent effects. Enhanced VEGF expression was noted in MG-63 cells with MnBG/Cht.

Conclusions:

  • Composite microparticles incorporating bioactive metal ions demonstrate tunable properties for bone regeneration applications.
  • The materials exhibit bioactivity and controlled ion release, with potential for stimulating angiogenic responses.
  • Further investigation into optimizing ion concentration and material composition is warranted for therapeutic efficacy.