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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
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Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

Published on: July 7, 2023

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Construct validity of an adult pain observation scale for people with profound intellectual and multiple

Annemieke Enninga1, Wendy J Post1, Aly Waninge2,3

  • 1Department of Inclusive and Special Needs Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
APOS-PIMDMokken scale analysisProfound intellectual and multiple disabilitiespain observation scalevalidity

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