Upscaled wood@MoS₂/Fe₃O₄ bulk catalysts for sustainable catalytic water pollutant removal

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) play a pivotal role in purifying contaminated water and securing drinking water safety. Transition metal-based materials are highly effective AOP catalysts, while their applications are limited by their poor stability in the oxidative environment. In this study, we developed a composite catalyst, molybdenum disulfide/ferric oxide (MoS₂/Fe₃O₄), to evaluate its catalytic performance and explore its underlying mechanisms in peroxymonosulfate activation. The powder composite was successfully loaded onto an engineered wood substrate, creating a monolith wood@MoS₂/Fe₃O₄ composite for large-scale practical applications. The engineered bulk catalyst exhibits exceptional versatility and stability in wastewater treatment, maintaining nearly 100% removal efficiency over continuous operation for 144 hours. These findings underscore the significant potential of wood-loaded nanomaterials for cost-effective wastewater treatment.