Visible Light-Driven, Solvent-Free Pyranopyrazole Synthesis: Anticancer Potential and Computational ADMET Assessment

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Organic Synthesis
• Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

• Developing sustainable synthetic methods is crucial for pharmaceutical research.
• Catalyst-free and solvent-free reactions minimize environmental impact.
• Efficient synthesis of biologically active heterocycles remains a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a sustainable, catalyst-free, and solvent-free method for synthesizing 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles.
• To evaluate the anticancer potential of the synthesized compounds.
• To demonstrate the green chemistry principles and scalability of the developed protocol.

Main Methods:

• Visible blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation under ambient conditions.
• Electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex mechanism.
• Characterization using NMR, IR, MS, and single-crystal XRD.

Main Results:

• High yields (80%-99%) achieved within 30 minutes.
• Compound 4a demonstrated potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (IC50 values 10.15 µM and 16.32 µM, respectively).
• In silico ADMET predictions supported drug-likeness and safety; the protocol was successfully scaled to gram quantities.

Conclusions:

• The developed method is efficient, eco-friendly, and scalable for synthesizing biologically active 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles.
• The potent anticancer activity of compound 4a warrants further investigation.
• This approach aligns with green chemistry principles, offering a valuable platform for pharmaceutical synthesis.