Nurse Managers' Perspectives on Digital Transformation and Informatics Competencies in E-Leadership: A Qualitative...

Aim: To explore nurse managers' perspectives on the competencies required for effective e-leadership in the context of healthcare digital transformation. Background: As healthcare systems adopt digital technologies, nurse managers must acquire informatics and leadership competencies to navigate evolving responsibilities, improve team performance, and enhance care quality. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used at a major Saudi hospital. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 42 nurse managers between 2023 and 2024. Data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke's six-step approach. Results: Participants were predominantly female (90.5%) and Saudi nationals (52.4%), with most aged 40-50 years. While all held at least a bachelor's degree, 61.9% had a master's qualification. Most had 5-10 years of managerial experience, though 61.9% reported lacking digital leadership training. Thematic analysis identified six key themes: digital transformation, e-leadership, e-leadership competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes), self-efficacy evaluation, barriers, and recommendations. Participants recognized the transformative role of digital tools but cited challenges such as limited training, infrastructure constraints, and hierarchical resistance. Conclusion: Nurse managers acknowledged the need for enhanced digital literacy, technical proficiency, and a positive attitude toward change. Strengthening these competencies is essential for leading digital innovation and supporting healthcare reform initiatives such as Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. Implications for Nursing Management: Healthcare organizations should invest in structured leadership development, mentorship, and academic-practice partnerships to equip nurse managers with the skills and confidence to lead digital transformation effectively.