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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

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Published on: November 6, 2015

Adaptive linkage concept for replicating multi-phase stroke mechanics.

Christine Walck¹, Megan P Parker¹, Alexander B Britton¹

¹Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Aerospace Blvd, Daytona Beach, Fl, USA.

Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering

|July 29, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel four-bar linkage adaptive kayaking device that mimics natural biomechanics, significantly improving user performance and range of motion compared to existing technology.

Keywords:

adaptive device design assistive kayaking four-bar linkage motion capture multi-phase biomechanics rehabilitation engineering stroke mechanics

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Mechanical Engineering
Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

Current adaptive kayaking devices lack biomechanical fidelity, limiting user range of motion and performance.
Existing devices often introduce unnatural movement dynamics, hindering natural stroke patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and validate a four-bar linkage mechanism that replicates the natural semi-ellipsoidal and multi-phase forward kayaking stroke.
To address biomechanical limitations in adaptive kayaking devices through a novel design.

Main Methods:

Utilized biomechanics research and motion capture data to define a target kayak stroke path.
Developed a representative stroke profile and implemented it in a computer-aided design (CAD) environment.
Optimized the design using engineering simulation tools and validated two adaptive linkage models against the target profile.

Main Results:

The high-performance adaptive linkage model achieved a deviation of 22.0 mm from the target stroke path.
The recreational adaptive linkage model achieved a deviation of 79.7 mm.
A commercial adaptive kayaking mount showed a significantly larger deviation of 272.7 mm.

Conclusions:

The proposed four-bar linkage mechanism effectively replicates natural kayaking biomechanics.
This scalable assistive solution offers improved performance and has potential applications in adaptive recreation and physical rehabilitation.