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Hypoglycemia-Induced Irreversible Brain Injury: A Case Report

Aakash Bisht1, Saliha Erdem1, Richa Gupta2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA.

Cureus
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Severe hypoglycemia can cause brain injury and encephalopathy, even after blood sugar is corrected. This case highlights the challenges in managing such cases and the need for prompt intervention to prevent lasting neurological damage.

Keywords:
anoxic brain injuryhypoglycemia-induced brain injuryirreversible brain injurylow blood glucosepersistent hypoglycemia

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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