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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Influenza A H1N1 Triggering Complement-Mediated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.

Sathwik Madireddy1, MacKenzie Adams1, Boris Martinez Recinos1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.

Journal of Medical Cases
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Influenza A H1N1 infection can trigger complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (CM-HUS) in immunocompromised adults. Anti-complement therapy effectively resolved CM-HUS symptoms, including renal dysfunction and hemolytic anemia, in a multiple myeloma patient.

Keywords:
Atypical HUSCM-HUSInfluenza

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (CM-HUS) is a severe condition involving hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and kidney damage, often linked to complement system dysregulation.
  • While CM-HUS is known, adult cases triggered by influenza infection are rare, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old female with multiple myeloma undergoing cancer treatment developed CM-HUS following Influenza A H1N1 infection.
  • The patient presented with classic symptoms of CM-HUS, including anemia, low platelet count, and impaired kidney function.

Findings:

  • Treatment with anti-complement therapy led to complete resolution of renal dysfunction and hemolytic anemia within one month.
  • This case demonstrates a successful therapeutic outcome using anti-complement agents in influenza-triggered CM-HUS.

Implications:

  • Influenza infection should be considered a potential trigger for CM-HUS in immunocompromised adult patients, especially those with hematologic malignancies.
  • Anti-complement therapies represent a viable and effective treatment strategy for managing CM-HUS, even in complex patient populations.