A Literature Review About Richter's Syndrome Presented in the Mouth

Richter transformation is the conversion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia into aggressive lymphoma, often diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, occurring in about 2-10% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Recognizing oral manifestations of this transformation is crucial for early diagnosis and management, as they can significantly affect treatment outcomes. A literature review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database for case reports from 1980 to September 2024 using terms like "CLL," "Richter's Transformation," "oral manifestation," and "oral signs." Non-case reports and non-English studies were excluded for consistency and relevance. The literature review identified various oral manifestations linked to Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, including lymphomatous lesions, gingival hypertrophy, and ulcerative lesions in the head and neck. These findings underscore the need for careful patient monitoring for potential Richter transformation indicators. The literature review identified various oral manifestations linked to Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, including lymphomatous lesions, gingival hypertrophy, and ulcerative lesions in the head and neck. These findings underscore the need for careful patient monitoring for potential Richter transformation indicators.