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Comparative Mortality and Risk Analysis in Mucormycosis Cases: Pre-Pandemic Versus COVID-19 Association
Masoud Janipour1, Alireza Shahriari1, Ali Faramarzi1,2
1Otolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Summary
COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) shows higher mortality and risk factors like diabetes and hypertension compared to pre-pandemic cases. Malignancies and high platelet counts predict mortality in CAM patients, necessitating aggressive management.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Mycology
Background:
- Mucormycosis is a serious fungal infection, with COVID-19 potentially increasing its incidence and severity.
- Understanding the clinical differences and risk factors between COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) and pre-pandemic mucormycosis is crucial for patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare clinical profiles, outcomes, and mortality risk factors of CAM with pre-pandemic mucormycosis.
- To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mucormycosis epidemiology and severity.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective, observational study was conducted across multiple medical centers.
- Clinical data of 122 mucormycosis patients (85 with CAM) were reviewed.
- Logistic regression analysis identified mortality predictors in CAM patients.
Main Results:
- CAM patients had higher rates of diabetes mellitus and hypertension than pre-pandemic cases.
- In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in CAM cases (23.1%) versus pre-pandemic cases (7.7%).
- Elevated platelet counts and periorbital edema were more common in CAM; malignancies and high platelets predicted mortality.
Conclusions:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the severity and mortality of mucormycosis.
- CAM cases exhibit worse outcomes compared to pre-pandemic mucormycosis.
- Aggressive management and awareness of risk factors are vital for improving survival in CAM patients.
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