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Exploring Post-Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia in the Background of Thyroiditis- A Comparative Study.

Shaheen Ayesha N1, Babu Manohar M2, Fathima Jabeen1

  • 1DNB ENT Resident, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, 600006 India.

Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid surgery has advanced, but parathyroid gland challenges remain. This study found no significant difference in hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy between patients with and without thyroiditis, though incidence was slightly higher in the thyroiditis group.

Keywords:
HypocalcemiaParathyroid glandsRecurrent laryngeal nerveRetrospective studySurgical techniquesThyroidectomyThyroiditis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy has evolved significantly, with reduced mortality due to improved surgical techniques and nerve monitoring.
  • Preservation of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy remains a challenge, impacting postoperative calcium levels.
  • Thyroiditis, inflammation of the thyroid gland, may influence the risk of hypocalcemia post-thyroidectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between histopathologically diagnosed thyroiditis and the occurrence of hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy.
  • To compare the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients with and without thyroiditis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study analyzing 223 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy.
  • Patients were divided into two groups: 102 without thyroiditis and 121 with thyroiditis.
  • Chi-square test was used to compare the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia between the groups.

Main Results:

  • Hypocalcemia occurred in 49.0% of patients without thyroiditis (50/102) and 55.4% of patients with thyroiditis (67/121).
  • The difference in hypocalcemia incidence between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.417).
  • Patients with thyroiditis showed a trend towards higher hypocalcemia incidence, but this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroiditis does not appear to be a statistically significant risk factor for postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy.
  • While not statistically significant, a higher incidence of hypocalcemia was observed in patients with thyroiditis.
  • Preoperative identification of thyroiditis and careful surgical technique are crucial for minimizing risks like hypoparathyroidism and ensuring optimal outcomes.