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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Hsa-miRNA-16-5p Of Urinary Exosomes A Reliable Biosignature Effective For Prostate Cancer Screening.

Wen-Hui Weng1, Yueh-Er Chiou2, Wen-Zhen Zeng1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan.

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A new, cost-effective reagent simplifies urinary exosome extraction for prostate cancer (PCa) detection. Urinary microRNA-16 (miR-16) shows diagnostic potential for PCa staging, enabling early detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial non-coding RNA molecules regulating cellular processes.
  • Urinary miRNAs are emerging as non-invasive biomarkers for disease monitoring.
  • Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and staging require improved, accessible methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, rapid, and cost-effective reagent for exosomal miRNA extraction from urine.
  • To evaluate urinary hsa-miR-16-5p (miR-16) as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer.
  • To assess the feasibility of integrating this method with biosensors for early PCa detection.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a novel extraction reagent using polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC).
  • Extraction and quantification of miRNAs (miR-16 and miR-21) from clinical urine samples using RT-qPCR.
  • Comparative analysis against commercial kits and statistical evaluation (T-tests, ROC analysis) on a cohort of 39 individuals (28 PCa, 1 BPH, 10 controls).

Main Results:

  • The novel extraction method demonstrated comparable performance to commercial kits.
  • Urinary miR-16 expression significantly differed across PCa stages and between cancerous and non-cancerous individuals.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed miR-16's diagnostic potential, especially for mid-stage PCa detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed reagent offers a simplified, faster, and significantly cheaper alternative for exosomal miRNA extraction.
  • Urinary miR-16 serves as a promising biomarker for prostate cancer staging.
  • This approach supports early cancer detection and treatment planning through accessible, non-invasive diagnostics.