Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones01:21

Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones

4.1K
By replacing an α-hydrogen with a halogen, acid-catalyzed α-halogenation of aldehydes or ketones yields a monohalogenated product
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic halogen to form a...
4.1K
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

16.5K
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
16.5K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

27.6K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
27.6K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

27.3K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
27.3K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.4K
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation02:35

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

10.3K
Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
10.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Topologically Programmed Dual-Channel Covalent Organic Frameworks Decouple Gas and Ion Fluxes for Acidic CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Electron-Enriched Ru Nanoclusters Mediating Surface Reconstruction of Phosphide Catalysts for Efficient Water Electrolysis.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Taming the Hydrogen-Mediated Kinetic Switch for Sulfur-Tolerant CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Interfacial and structural optimization of graphene wrapped β-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanorod cathodes for long-life aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

Squid pen and cuttlebone-derived β-chitin composite scaffolds with gradient mineralization for functional ACL reconstruction and bone-tendon Interface regeneration.

Biomaterials advances·2026
Same author

Advancements and Challenges in Carbonate Electrocatalytic Reduction.

ChemSusChem·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.4K

Halogen Cocatalysis in Electrocatalytic Systems.

Yanteng Xiao1, Chenfeng Xia1, Qihang Qian1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Halogens enhance electrocatalysis by modifying catalysts and interfaces. This review details their roles in improving reactions and synthesizing valuable halogenated compounds for renewable energy applications.

Keywords:
cocatalysiselectrocatalysiselectrode/electrolyte interfacehalogen

More Related Videos

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.5K
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.4K
Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
10:21

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

Published on: October 5, 2019

8.5K
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Renewable-energy-driven electrocatalysis is key for net-zero emissions.
  • Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) are used in electrocatalysis but their roles are unclear.
  • Understanding halogen roles is crucial for optimizing electrocatalytic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the cocatalytic roles of halogens in electrocatalysis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which halogens influence electrocatalytic performance.
  • To discuss future opportunities in halogen-involved electrocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on halogen applications in electrocatalysis.
  • Analysis of three key roles of halogens: catalyst incorporation, additive effects, and electrolyte ion functions.
  • Discussion of challenges and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Halogens incorporated into catalysts tune electronic and physical properties.
  • Halogen additives modify catalyst surface and interfacial microenvironments.
  • Halide ions enhance performance via adsorption and mediate organic molecule oxidation, enabling synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • Halogens play multifaceted cocatalytic roles in electrocatalysis.
  • Strategic use of halogens can improve efficiency and enable synthesis of valuable compounds.
  • Further research is needed to fully harness halogen potential in sustainable electrochemistry.