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Decision Making

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...

Decision Making: Traditional Method

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...

Decision Making: P-value Method

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...

Reason and Intuition

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...

Ethical Dilemmas II

Ethical Dilemmas II

Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:

Persuasion Strategies

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Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

[Shared decision making].

Stefan M Haensel^1,2, Hester M van de Bovenkamp³, Noralie H Geessink⁴

¹Franciscus, afdeling Urologie, Rotterdam.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|July 29, 2025

Summary

Shared decision making (SDM) involves collaboration between patients and providers for treatment choices. Effective SDM enhances patient satisfaction and autonomy, particularly for preference-sensitive health decisions.

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Area of Science:

Healthcare
Medical Ethics
Patient-Centered Care

Context:

Shared decision making (SDM) is a collaborative healthcare model.
It emphasizes equal input from patients and providers in treatment choices.
Successful SDM relies on clear information, patient support, and effective communication.

Purpose:

To explore the implementation and impact of shared decision making.
To understand patient values and preferences in healthcare.
To evaluate the effectiveness of SDM in clinical practice.

Summary:

SDM involves healthcare providers and patients collaborating on treatment decisions.
Key elements for success include clear information, patient support, communication, and provider training.
Patients highly value autonomy, clear information, and dialogue opportunities within SDM.

Impact:

SDM is linked to increased patient satisfaction and reduced decision regret.
The impact on health outcomes, costs, and consultation time is neutral to positive.
SDM is most effective for preference-sensitive decisions, posing challenges in acute, life-threatening scenarios.