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Author Spotlight: Oral Candida Diagnosis to Advance Clinical Treatment Regimen for pSS Patients
Published on: March 1, 2024
Factors associated with oral candidosis and hyposalivation in intensive care unit patients: a prospective cohort
Sarah Emily Melo da Silva1, Romana Rênery Fernandes1, Maria Eduarda Marques da Silva1
1Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 1787, 59056-000, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Objective:
To separately investigate the occurrence of oral candidosis and hyposalivation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and identify contributing factors.
Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted with 100 ICU patients in a hospital in northeastern Brazil. Detailed intraoral examinations were performed daily by calibrated dentists, and sociodemographic and general health-related data were extracted from medical records. Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact test assessed variable associations. Survival analysis estimated the onset time of oral candidosis and hyposalivation and their associations with risk factors.
Results:
Among the 100 patients, 65% developed hyposalivation, and 11% presented oral candidiasis. The median age was 64 years, with a predominance of males. No significant associations were found between oral candidiasis and demographic or clinical variables. Hyposalivation was significantly linked to underlying renal disease, anemia, and the use of medications such as antibiotics, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, and bronchodilators. Co-occurrence of candidosis and hyposalivation were observed in 7 patients. There was no statistically significant association of the development of oral candidosis or hyposalivation with other oral changes. Anticoagulant use was significantly associated with a higher oral candidiasis-free survival rate. Underlying renal disease, antibiotic treatment, and orotracheal intubation were significantly associated with a reduced survival rate free from hyposalivation.
Conclusions:
Hyposalivation was highly prevalent and may be linked to the development of other oral conditions, such as oral candidosis. Understanding factors that contribute to hyposalivation and oral candidosis is essential for improving ICU healthcare and enhancing patient recovery.
Clinical Relevance:
Early identification and management of hyposalivation should be prioritized in ICU protocols to enhance patient recovery and oral health care.
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