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Obesity and Overweight-Practical Management for Indian Setting.

Ahila Ayyavoo1

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Summary

Overweight and obesity are rising globally, impacting all ages and increasing risks for serious health issues like type 2 diabetes and heart problems. Early lifestyle changes are crucial for preventing long-term complications in children and adults.

Keywords:
Cardio-metabolic complicationsLifestyle modificationsMetabolic disordersObesityType 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Global prevalence of overweight and obesity is alarmingly increasing across all age groups.
  • NFHS-5 data indicates a significant rise in overweight and obesity in India, affecting both children and adults.
  • Obesity is linked to metabolic dysfunctions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardio-metabolic disorders, and reproductive issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the escalating global prevalence of overweight and obesity.
  • To emphasize the association between childhood obesity and cardio-metabolic dysfunction.
  • To outline current evaluation and management strategies for obesity and its complications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing growth charts (BMI, abdominal circumference) and clinical examination for obesity evaluation.
  • Tailoring investigations based on individual clinical presentation and suspected complications.
  • Reviewing lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions for managing obesity.

Main Results:

  • Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity observed globally and specifically in India (NFHS-5).
  • Children with high childhood BMI exhibit signs of cardio-metabolic dysfunction.
  • Lifestyle modifications (sleep, exercise, diet) are key to averting long-term complications.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent global attention is needed to address the rising epidemic of overweight and obesity.
  • Early identification and intervention, particularly lifestyle changes, are critical for managing obesity and preventing associated metabolic diseases.
  • Pharmacological treatments for older children should be judiciously applied after lifestyle measures and with family consent.