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Navigating Complexity in Pediatric NMOSD: Unusual Symptoms and Adverse Reactions: A Case Report
Oana-Aurelia Vladâcenco1,2, Radu-Ștefan Perjoc1,2, Eugenia Roza1,2
1Clinical Neuroscience Department, Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Reports (MDPI)
|July 29, 2025
Summary
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease. This case report details a pediatric patient with NMOSD and lung involvement, emphasizing treatment strategies and outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune demyelinating disease.
- It is characterized by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies and frequent relapses.
- NMOSD can affect multiple organ systems.
Observation:
- A 14-year-old female presented with lower limb weakness and paresthesia.
- Diagnosis revealed NMOSD and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.
- Initial treatment with corticosteroids showed partial response.
Findings:
- The patient experienced two further relapses despite mycophenolate therapy.
- Rituximab treatment led to a favorable outcome.
- A two-year relapse-free period was achieved post-rituximab therapy.
Implications:
- NMOSD can manifest with multisystemic inflammation, including pulmonary involvement.
- This case highlights unusual adverse reactions to rituximab.
- Effective management of pediatric NMOSD may require advanced immunotherapies.
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