Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancies With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled...

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Medical Technology

Background:

• Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires careful glucose monitoring during pregnancy.
• Traditional capillary blood glucose (CBG) monitoring may not provide a comprehensive glycemic picture.
• Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers continuous data for improved management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy of real-time CGM versus CBG monitoring in achieving target glucose time in range (%TIR) in pregnant individuals with GDM.
• To evaluate the impact of CGM on glycemic control metrics in GDM pregnancies.

Main Methods:

• An open-label, single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted.
• Pregnant individuals with GDM were randomized (2:1) to either real-time CGM plus CBG or CBG alone.
• The primary outcome was %TIR (60-140 mg/dL) from enrollment to delivery.

Main Results:

• The CGM group achieved a significantly higher %TIR (93% ± 6) compared to the CBG group (88% ± 14; P = 0.027).
• The intervention group demonstrated higher daytime TIR and lower mean 24-h and daytime glucose levels.
• Fewer participants in the CGM group experienced time above 140 mg/dL.

Conclusions:

• Real-time CGM significantly increases %TIR in pregnant individuals with GDM compared to CBG monitoring.
• Further research is warranted to ascertain if improved CGM-derived glucose levels impact perinatal and neonatal outcomes.