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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Switchable five-function terahertz metasurface based on graphene and vanadium dioxide with single-sized

Juan Deng1,2, Xinyu Zhu1,2, Jiaxi Duan1,2

  • 1Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, People's Republic of China.

Nanotechnology
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel terahertz metasurface using graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2). It integrates five functions, including near-field and far-field imaging, into a single, size-invariant nanostructure.

Keywords:
multifunctionalsingle-sized nanostructureswitchable metasurfaceterahertz frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Terahertz (THz) technology
  • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Miniaturization and integration of multifunctional devices are crucial in the terahertz range.
  • Existing hybrid metasurfaces struggle to integrate diverse functions and often require size changes, limiting terahertz device development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a single-sized, multifunctional terahertz metasurface by combining graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2).
  • To achieve switchable integration of five distinct functions, including near-field and far-field applications.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a novel terahertz metasurface utilizing hybridized graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanostructures.
  • Simulations to validate the metasurface's performance across multiple functionalities.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a single-sized nanostructure achieving five switchable functions.
  • Successful integration of polarization conversion, broadband modulation, and absorption capabilities.
  • Realization of both near-field nanoprinting imaging and far-field holographic imaging within the same metasurface.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed metasurface offers a new platform for tunable, multifunctional terahertz devices.
  • Simultaneous integration of near-field and far-field functions in a single, size-invariant metasurface.
  • Significant contribution towards the miniaturization and integration of advanced terahertz applications.