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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

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Material analysis through X-ray attenuation decomposition in spectral computed tomography.

Arnold Schilham1, Robbert W van Hamersvelt2, Pim A de Jong2

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. a.schilham@umcutrecht.nl.

Scientific Reports
|July 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spectral Computed Tomography (SCT) separates x-ray attenuation processes for material-specific tissue quantification. X-Ray Attenuation Decomposition (XAD) integrates this into CT images, enhancing disease phenotyping and diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Conventional Computed Tomography (CCT) measures total x-ray attenuation, useful for anatomical pathology.
  • Spectral Computed Tomography (SCT) extends CCT by separating distinct x-ray attenuation processes in tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce X-Ray Attenuation Decomposition (XAD) for intuitive display and quantification of biological tissue material content.
  • Integrate material composition data with conventional anatomical CT imaging.
  • Enhance disease phenotyping through combined anatomical and compositional information.

Main Methods:

  • Developed X-Ray Attenuation Decomposition (XAD) technique.
  • Applied XAD to Spectral Computed Tomography (SCT) data.
  • Integrated XAD visualization with conventional CT anatomical displays.

Main Results:

  • XAD enables rapid, in vivo quantification of tissue composition.
  • Material-specific attenuation contributions are separated and analyzed.
  • Interactive display of material content superimposed on anatomical CT images.

Conclusions:

  • XAD provides detailed knowledge of anatomy and pathological tissue composition.
  • Facilitates easy identification of anatomical location and material concentrations.
  • Offers significant potential for improved medical diagnosis and disease phenotyping.