A Review of Mechanical Performance Studies on Composite Concrete Beams and Slabs

This paper reviews the applications and performance advantages of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), engineered cementitious composite (ECC), and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) in composite flexural members. UHPC is characterized by its ultra-high strength, high toughness, excellent durability, and microcrack self-healing capability, albeit with high costs and complex production processes. ECC demonstrates superior tensile, flexural, and compressive strength and durability, yet it exhibits a lower elastic modulus and greater drying shrinkage strain. RAC, as an eco-friendly concrete, offers cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits, although it poses certain performance challenges. The focus of this review is on how to enhance the load-bearing capacity of composite beams or slabs by modifying the interface roughness, adjusting the thickness of the ECC or UHPC layer, and altering the cross-sectional form. The integration of diverse concrete materials improves the performance of beam and slab elements while managing costs. For instance, increasing the thickness of the UHPC or ECC layer typically enhances the load-bearing capacity of composite beams or plates by approximately 10% to 40%. Increasing the roughness of the interface can significantly improve the interfacial bond strength and further augment the ultimate load-bearing capacity of composite components. Moreover, the optimized design of material mix proportions and cross-sectional shapes can also contribute to enhancing the load-bearing capacity, crack resistance, and ductility of composite components. Nevertheless, challenges persist in engineering applications, such as the scarcity of long-term monitoring data on durability, fatigue performance, and creep effects. Additionally, existing design codes inadequately address the nonlinear behavior of multi-material composite structures, necessitating further refinement of design theories.