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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Calorimetry01:19

Calorimetry

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When objects at different temperatures are placed in contact with each other but isolated from everything else, they attain thermal equilibrium. A container that prevents heat transfer in or out is called a calorimeter, and the use of a calorimeter to make measurements is called calorimetry. Generally, these measurements involve heat or specific heat capacity. The term "calorimetry problem" is used for any problem where the specified objects are thermally isolated from their...
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Instrument Calibration01:12

Instrument Calibration

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Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Constant Pressure Calorimetry03:02

Constant Pressure Calorimetry

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Calorimetry is a technique used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process or to measure the heat transferred to or from a substance. The heat is exchanged with a calibrated and insulated device called the calorimeter. Calorimetry experiments are based on the assumption that there is no heat exchange between the insulated calorimeter and the external environment. The well-insulated calorimeters prevent the transfer of heat between the calorimeter and its external...
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Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Updated: Sep 13, 2025

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
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A Modified Two-Temperature Calibration Method and Facility for Emissivity Measurement.

Shufang He1, Shuai Li1,2, Caihong Dai1

  • 1Division of Optical Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a modified two-temperature calibration method for accurately measuring infrared radiant sample emissivity. The new approach eliminates the need for a reference blackbody, simplifying the process.

Keywords:
background radiationdirect methodemissivity measurementindirect methodinfrared radiation of materialsmodified two-temperature calibration method

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Infrared Thermography
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of infrared radiant sample emissivity is crucial.
  • Existing multi- or two-temperature calibration methods rely on reference blackbodies and assume temperature-independent background radiation, which is often not true in practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified two-temperature calibration method and facility to accurately measure emissivity without a reference blackbody.
  • To overcome the limitations of previous methods where background radiation is temperature-dependent.

Main Methods:

  • A modified two-temperature calibration method was proposed, setting two temperature points within a small interval.
  • The method utilizes the approximation that sample and background radiation emissivities are similar at these two temperatures.
  • An experimental facility was constructed for measurements in the (8~14) μm range.

Main Results:

  • Measurements were performed on samples with emissivities around 0.100, 0.500, and 0.900 at 60 °C and 85 °C.
  • Relative expanded uncertainties were reported as low as 1.5% and 1.2% at 85 °C for different emissivity samples.
  • Experimental results demonstrated consistency with other established measurement techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The developed modified two-temperature calibration method is effective for accurate emissivity measurements.
  • This method eliminates the need for a reference blackbody, simplifying practical applications.
  • The technique is potentially suitable for samples with temperature-insensitive emissivity.