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An esophoric shift associated with sustained fixation.

M H Birnbaum

    American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics
    |November 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Repeated testing revealed a progressive increase in near phoria towards esophoria in some individuals. This suggests prolonged near work may induce similar phoria shifts, potentially linked to autonomic arousal.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Optometry
    • Vision Science

    Background:

    • Phoria, a visual alignment tendency, can shift with visual tasks.
    • Understanding near phoria changes is crucial for visual ergonomics.
    • Prolonged near work is common and may impact visual comfort.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate progressive changes in near phoria during repeated testing.
    • To explore the potential link between near work and phoria shifts.
    • To propose a mechanism for observed esophoric shifts.

    Main Methods:

    • Recruited 100 subjects for repeated near phoria testing.
    • Measured phoria changes, specifically looking for esophoric shifts.
    • Utilized dissociated targets to differentiate from prism adaptation.

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    Main Results:

    • A progressive increase in near phoria towards esophoria was observed in some subjects upon repeated testing.
    • Eighteen out of 100 subjects exhibited an esophoric shift of 5 prism diopters or more.
    • The observed esophoric shift occurred with dissociated targets, distinguishing it from prism adaptation.

    Conclusions:

    • Prolonged intensive near work may induce similar progressive esophoric shifts in visual alignment.
    • Autonomic arousal, specifically sympathetic activation, is proposed as a potential mechanism driving these phoria changes.
    • Heightened attention and concentration during near tasks may contribute to esophoric shifts.