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Native Fungi as a Nature-Based Solution to Mitigate Toxic Metal(loid) Accumulation in Rice.

Laura Canonica1, Michele Pesenti2, Fabrizio Araniti2

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Summary

Native soil fungi can mitigate heavy metal contamination in rice. Indigenous fungi applied under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly reduced arsenic uptake in rice plants, offering a sustainable solution for food safety.

Keywords:
arsenicbioinoculantscadmiumchromiumcontaminationcopperfungal traitsmetabolitessustainable agriculture

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Heavy metal contamination in paddy fields threatens food safety and rice productivity.
  • Bioinoculants offer a potential strategy for mitigating metal uptake in crops.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate native soil fungi as bioinoculants for reducing heavy metal uptake in rice.
  • To assess the impact of different water management practices (permanent flooding vs. alternate wetting and drying) on metal accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of eight fungal strains based on plant growth-promoting traits and secondary metabolite production.
  • Greenhouse experiment with three rice cultivars grown in metal-contaminated soil under permanent flooding (PF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD).
  • Analysis of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and copper accumulation in rice shoots and roots.

Main Results:

  • Indigenous fungal inoculation under AWD significantly reduced arsenic accumulation in rice shoots by up to 75%.
  • AWD increased cadmium uptake, but fungal inoculation moderately reduced it (15-25%) in some rice varieties.
  • No significant reduction in metal accumulation was observed under permanent flooding conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Native soil fungi show potential as bioinoculants to reduce heavy metal uptake in rice, particularly under AWD conditions.
  • This approach offers a nature-based solution for environmental remediation and sustainable agriculture in contaminated paddy fields.