The Potential of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. as Immunomodulators: Formulation, Activity Testing, and Extract...

Area of Science:

• Phytochemistry
• Immunology
• Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

• Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is an Indonesian plant with potential medicinal properties.
• Its fruit contains phenolic compounds that can modulate the immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

• To profile the extract of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium fruit.
• To assess its immunomodulatory activity.
• To develop a stable soft capsule formulation of the extract as an emulsion.

Main Methods:

• Extract profiling using liquid chromatography UHPLC-HRMS and mzcloud database.
• Immunomodulatory activity assessment via lymphocyte viability assay.
• Development of an emulsion formulation for soft capsules with varying oils, solubilizers, and emulsifiers.

Main Results:

• Andaliman extract contains 4% total phenolics, 0.35% total flavonoids, and 0.13% quercetin.
• LC-HRMS identified eleven potential immunomodulatory compounds.
• Formulation F3.3F (30% MCT oil, lauroyl-PEG-32 glycerides, 35% Polysorbate 80) showed optimal stability.
• Andaliman extract significantly improved lymphocyte viability compared to kojic acid.

Conclusions:

• Zanthoxylum acanthopodium fruit extract demonstrates significant immunomodulatory potential.
• A stable emulsion formulation suitable for soft capsules was successfully developed.
• Andaliman extract is a promising candidate for herbal medicine development.