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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 13, 2025

MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent
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MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent

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Towards Dual-Tracer SPECT for Prostate Cancer Imaging Using [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S and [111In]In-RM2.

Carolina Giammei1,2,3,4, Theresa Balber1,3,5, Veronika Felber1,2

  • 1Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, c/o Sekretariat Nuklearmedizin, Währiger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study explored dual-tracer SPECT imaging for prostate cancer (PCa) using [111In]In-RM2 and [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S. The developed dual xenograft model was unsuitable, preventing verification of the dual-tracer concept for improved PCa diagnosis.

Keywords:
CHO-K1-GRPRCHO-K1-PSMAGRPRPSMASPECTdual-tracer approachindium-111technetium-99mtumor heterogeneity

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine
  • Oncology
  • Biomolecular imaging

Background:

  • Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and therapy can be improved by radiolabeled biomolecules targeting tumor-specific structures.
  • Heterogeneous target expression in PCa necessitates multi-tracer approaches for comprehensive detection and treatment.
  • Dual-tracer SPECT imaging offers potential for enhanced staging, stratification, and therapy in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a dual-tracer SPECT approach using [111In]In-RM2 (targeting gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, GRPR) and [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S (targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen, PSMA) as a proof of concept for PCa.
  • To establish a dual xenograft mouse model mimicking heterogeneous tumor lesions for preclinical evaluation of dual-tracer imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of human GRPR or PSMA in CHO-K1 cells via lentiviral transduction.
  • Inoculation of immunodeficient mice with transduced CHO-K1 cells to create dual xenografts.
  • Establishment of dual-isotope SPECT imaging and gamma-counting protocols, with ex vivo Western blot analysis for target expression.

Main Results:

  • In vitro studies confirmed specific binding and internalization of both radiotracers in transduced cells.
  • In vivo imaging revealed negligible tumor uptake in xenografts of the transduced cell lines.
  • Ex vivo analysis demonstrated a loss of target biomarkers in the xenografts, indicating model limitations.

Conclusions:

  • The technical feasibility of dual-tracer SPECT using 111In and 99mTc was demonstrated.
  • The study could not verify the potential of [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S and [111In]In-RM2 for improving PCa diagnosis due to an unsuitable animal model.
  • Optimized in vivo models are required to assess the dual-tracer concept, highlighting the challenge of translating in vitro findings to in vivo settings.