Rain-Induced Vibration Energy Harvesting Using Nonlinear Plates with Piezoelectric Integration and Power Management

Vibration energy offers promising potential for renewable energy harvesting, especially in conditions where conventional sources such as solar power may be limited or intermittent. This study proposes a rain energy harvester (REH) that converts the kinetic energy of raindrops into electrical energy using nonlinear thin plates, integrated with piezoelectric elements. Two plate configurations-fully hinged (H-H-H-H) and clamped-hinged-free-hinged (C-H-F-H)-are investigated. Theoretical modeling and simulation results are compared with experimental data, with special attention paid to the role of slapping forces in improving prediction accuracy. A power management system is also introduced to stabilize and regulate the harvested voltage. Results confirm the feasibility of rain-induced energy harvesting, showing potential for application in rain-prone areas and integration with existing infrastructure such as solar panels, tents, or canopies.