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Measurement Techniques for Highly Dynamic and Weak Space Targets Using Event Cameras.

Haonan Liu¹, Ting Sun¹, Ye Tian¹

¹Intelligent Microsystems Laboratory, College of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 30, 2025

Summary

This study introduces an event camera method to improve spacecraft attitude estimation by detecting faint, fast-moving targets. The technique enhances signal quality and accurately extracts target positions, even during extreme maneuvers.

Keywords:

event cameras extraction high-dynamic maneuvers space targets star sensor

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Area of Science:

Spacecraft attitude determination and control
Biologically inspired sensing technologies
Computer vision for aerospace applications

Background:

Traditional star sensors struggle with high-dynamic maneuvers, limiting spacecraft attitude estimation accuracy.
Event cameras offer high-speed, asynchronous data capture, showing promise for space applications.
Existing methods lack robustness for detecting weak, dynamic space targets.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an event data extraction method for weak, high-dynamic space targets.
To enhance the performance of event cameras in challenging space environments.
To improve spacecraft attitude estimation under extreme conditions.

Main Methods:

Optimized a spatiotemporal correlation filter for improved signal-to-noise ratio in target denoising.
Applied DBSCAN clustering algorithm for subpixel-level target centroid extraction.
Developed a camera motion model using inertial measurement unit (IMU) data for trajectory correction.

Main Results:

Significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio for weak space targets.
Achieved subpixel-level accuracy in extracting target centroids.
Successfully compensated for target trajectory distortion and data discontinuity in ultrahigh-dynamic scenarios.

Conclusions:

The proposed event data extraction method enhances event camera performance for detecting weak, high-dynamic space targets.
The method offers superior accuracy and robustness compared to traditional approaches in complex space environments.
Validated through a ground-based simulation system, demonstrating real-world applicability.